The chilling September bugle of a herd's dominant bull elk, will warn off all would-be challengers to the bull's harem. He usually succeeds in discouraging his adversaries by bluff, but on occasion, some younger bull will challenge, practically always being 'put into retreat' after a brief, but brisk struggle. Eventually, however, the older bull is forced into a severe battle, where his dominant role is tested to the limit!! He may, or may not, be replaced by a new monarch!! A battle such as this, is a sight to see...